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20th Livestock Census

2022 MAY 9

Preliminary   > Agriculture   >   Allied areas   >   Livestock rearing

Why in news?

  • Government Releases Breed-Wise Report of Livestock & Poultry Based on 20th Livestock Census

About Livestock Census:

  • Livestock Census is conducted once in 5 years by the Animal Husbandry Statistics Division under the Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare.
  • The livestock census aims to collect information about all the livestock along with their age, sex composition, etc. The information on the following is also collated through livestock census:
    • Poultry
    • Animal operated agricultural implements and
    • Machinery and fishery statistics
  • The Livestock Census has been conducted in the country periodically since 1919-20.
  • It covers all domesticated animals and their headcounts.
  • The household-level data through online transmission from the field has been used for the first time in 20th Livestock Census.

Key highlights of 20th Livestock Census:

  • The total Livestock population is 535 million in the country showing an increase of 4.6% over Livestock Census-2012.
    • West Bengal observed the highest increase of 23%, followed by Telangana (22%).
  • Share of species:
    • 35.94% - Cattle, 27.80% - Goat, 20.45% - Buffaloes, 13.87% -Sheep and 1.69%- Pigs.
    • Mithun, Yaks, Horses, Ponies, Mules, Donkeys and Camels taken together contribute 0.23% of the total livestock.

State wise – livestock population:

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Cattle population

  • Exotic/Crossbred cattle population is 50.42 million
    • The population of the total exotic/crossbred cattle has increased by 27% in 20th Census.
    • Cross-bred animals contributed around 28% to India’s total milk production in 2018-19.
    • The milch population of exotic and crossbred cattle such as Jersey or Holsteins shows higher milk yields and thus farmers prefer animals yielding more milk.
  • Indigenous cattle population is 142.11 million
    • A decline of 6% in the total indigenous cattle population has been observed in this census.
  • The total number of cattle in the country has shown an increase of 0.8 %.
    • The increase is mainly driven by a sharp increase in cross-bred cattle and higher female indigenous cattle population.
    • State wise:
      • West Bengal has seen the highest rise of 15% in cattle population.
      • Uttar Pradesh has observed a maximum decrease in cattle population.

Add ons:

  • The backyard poultry has increased by around 46%.
    • The sharp increase in backyard poultry is a significant change in the rural landscape which shows a sign of poverty alleviation.

PRACTICE QUESTION

Consider the following statements regarding ‘20th Livestock Census’:

1. Uttar Pradesh has highest share of livestock population in India

2. India has more exotic/crossbred cattle population than indigenous cattle population

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer