Mangarh massacre

Why in news?

• Recently, Prime Minister recounted the tragedy of the Mangarh Massacre, saying it had not been given its due place in history.

About Mangarh massacre:

• A horrifying tragedy occurred in Mangarh (Banswada, Rajasthan) killing more than 1,500 Bhil tribals in 1913.
• The Mangrah hillock, situated at the Gujarat-Rajasthan border, is also known as the Adivasi Jallianwala.

Background:

• The Bhils, a tribal community faced great troubles at the hands of the rulers of the princely states and the British.
• By the end of the 20th century, the Bhils living in Rajasthan and Gujarat became bonded labour.
• The great famine of 1899-1900 across the Deccan and Bombay Presidency, which killed over six lakh people, only made the situation worst for the Bhils.
• Mobilised and trained by social activist Guru Govindgiri, also known as Govind Guru, the Bhils placed a charter of 33 demands before the British by 1910 primarily relating to forced labour, high tax imposed on Bhils and harassment of the guru’s followers by the British and rulers of princely states.
• The Bhils rejected the British’s attempt to placate them and refused to leave Mangarh Hill, vowing to declare freedom from British rule.
• The British then asked the Bhils to leave Mangarh Hill before 15 November 1913.
• But that didn’t happen and on 17 November 1913, the British Indian Army fired indiscriminately on Bhil protesters and it is said that over 1,500 people, including women and children died in the tragedy.

PRACTICE QUESTION:

Arrange the following historical events in chronological order?

1. Tarapur massacre

2. Mangarh massacre

3. Jallianwala Bagh massacre

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1-2-3

(b) 3-2-1

(c) 2-3-1

(d) 3-1-2

Answer