National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI)

Why in news?

• NITI Aayog recently released India’s first National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI).

About NMPI:

• This baseline report of India’s first-ever national MPI measure is based on the reference period of 2015-16 of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) 4.
• It follows Global Multidimensional Poverty Index developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
• It captures multiple and simultaneous deprivations faced by households.

Parameters:

• The NMPI is calculated using 12 indicators:
  • Nutrition, child and adolescent mortality, antenatal care, years of schooling, school attendance, cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, electricity, housing, assets and bank account,
• They have been grouped under three dimensions namely, health, education and standard of living.

Key highlights:

• As per the report, in year 2015-16, one in every four people in India was multi-dimensionally poor.
• 37% of Indian households are deprived of healthy nutrition levels.

About Global MPI:

• Global MPI is an international measure of multidimensional poverty covering 107 developing countries.
• It was first developed in 2010 by Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative and United Nations Development Programme for UNDP’’s Human Development Reports.
• According to Global MPI 2021, India's rank is 66 out of 109 countries. It showed that 27% of India’s population are multi-dimensionally poor.

PRELIMS QUESTION

Which of the following indicators are used in National Multidimensional Poverty Index (NMPI)?

1. Years of schooling

2. Bank account

3. Antenatal care

4. Drinking water

5. Electricity

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1,2,3 and 4 only

(b) 2 and 5 only

(c) 1,3 and 4 only

(d) 1,2,3,4 and 5

Answer