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Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)

2021 NOV 13

Preliminary   > World History   >   Cold War   >   International groupings

Why in news?

  • India recently attended the High-level Commemorative Meeting to mark the 60th Anniversary of the Non-Aligned Movement in Serbia.

History of NAM:

  • The NAM was founded during the collapse of the colonial system and rise of the independence struggles across the world and at the height of the Cold War.
  • Following the end of World War II and the emergence of two military blocks (NATO and the Warsaw Pact), the underdeveloped countries felt the need to join efforts for the common defense of their interests.
  • Thus, the Bandung Asian-African Conference was organised in Indonesia in 1955.
  • The principles that would govern relations among the nations, known as the "Ten Principles of Bandung", were proclaimed at that Conference.
  • Based on these principles, the NAM was established in 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia.
  • It was created by Yugoslavia's President, Josip Broz Tito, India's Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, Egypt's President, Gamal Abdel Nasser, Ghana's President Kwame Nkrumah, and Indonesia's President, Sukarno.

Ten Guiding Principles:

  • Respect of fundamental human rights and of the objectives and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
  • Respect of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of all nations.
  • Recognition of the equality among all races and of the equality among all nations.
  • Non-intervention or non-interference into the internal affairs of another country.
  • Promotion of mutual interests and of cooperation.
  • Respect of justice and of international obligations.
  • Respect of the right of every nation to defend itself, either individually or collectively.
  • Non-use of collective defense pacts to benefit the specific interests of any of the great powers.
  • Refraining from carrying out or threatening to carry out aggression against the territorial integrity or political independence of any country.
  • Peaceful solution of all international conflicts.

PRELIMS QUESTION

Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding ‘Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)’?

1. It was established after the dis-integration of Soviet Union

2. India was a founding member of the movement

Select the correct answer using the code given below:

(a) 1 only

(b) 2 only

(c) Both 1 and 2

(d) Neither 1 nor 2

Answer