Sandalwood Spike Disease (SSD)

Why in news?

• India’s sandalwood trees are facing a serious threat with the return of the destructive Sandalwood Spike Disease (SSD).

About the disease:

• The disease is caused by phytoplasma — bacterial parasites of plant tissues — which are transmitted by insect vectors.
• Since there is no cure as of now for SSD, the only option is to cut down and remove the infected tree to prevent the spread of the disease.
• SSD has been one of the major causes for the decline in sandalwood production in the country for over a century.
• The disease was first reported in Kodagu in 1899.
• The present rapid spread of the infection is largely due to restrictions on green felling in forests, which has allowed vectors to spread the disease to healthy trees.
• It is very difficult to identify the symptoms of SSD untill the tree gets completely affected.

About Indian Sandalwood:

• Indian sandalwood is a small tropical tree, and the traditional source of sandalwood oil. It is native to southern India and Southeast Asia.
• Sandalwood oil is extracted from the woods for use. Sandalwood is often cited as one of the most expensive woods in the world.
• Due to over exploitation and SSD,  it is now listed as a vulnerable species by IUCN.
• Until 2002, individuals in India were not allowed to grow sandalwood.
• Due to its scarcity, sandalwood is not allowed to be cut or harvested by individuals.
• The State grants specific permission to officials who then can cut down the tree and sell its wood.

PRELIMS QUESTION

Consider the following statements regarding Indian Sandalwood:
1.It is listed as an endangered species by IUCN Red list.
2.It is endemic to India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(a)1 only
(b)2 only
(c)Both 1 and 2 
(d)Neither 1 nor 2

 Answer to prelims question